PENGARUH ASUPAN NUTRISI, AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN EFEK SAMPING OBAT ANTI TUBERKULOSIS PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI PUSKESMAS PACAR KELING SURABAYA

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pasien tuberkulosis paru yang menjalani pengobatan anti tuberkulosis  menyebabkan pertahanan tubuh menjadi lemah akibat efek samping obat anti tuberculosis. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh asupan nutrisi, aktivitas fisik dan status gizi dengan efek samping obat anti tuberkulosis pada pasien tuberkulosis paru. Desain penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan metode cross sectional. 51 pasien TB yang dipilih dengan aksidental sampling terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Variabel independen penelitian ini adalah asupan nutrisi, aktivitas fisik dan status gizi sedangkan variabel dependen efek samping obat anti tuberkulosis. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan food recall 24 jam, kuesioner, dan observasi. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Chi-Square dan uji Regresi Logistik Ordinal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar (56%) pasien memiliki asupan nutrisi kurang, memiliki aktivitas fisik sedang (65%)  dan memiliki status gizi baik (76,2%). Ada hubungan antara asupan nutrisi, aktifitas fisik dan kejadian efek samping, dimana  aktivitas fisik dan status gizi yang baik maka berakibat efek samping obat anti tuberkulosis ringan pada pasien tuberkulosis paru serta  asupan nutrisi yang kurang lebih  berisiko 3,996 kali mengalami efek samping obat anti tuberkulosis adalah dibandingkan dengan status gizi dan aktivitas fisik. Disarankan pasien meningkatkan asupan gizi dan memperbaiki pola makan yang sehat.

Kata kunci:  asupan nutrisi, aktivitas fisik, status gizi, TB paru

ABSTRACT

Pulmonary tuberculosis patients undergoing anti-tuberculosis treatment cause the body's defenses to weaken due to the side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of nutritional intake, physical activity and nutritional status on the side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The research design is quantitative with cross sectional method. 51 TB patients selected by accidental sampling were involved in this study. The independent variables of this study were nutritional intake, physical activity and nutritional status, while the dependent variable was the side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs. The research instrument used a 24 hour food recall, a questionnaire, and observation. The statistical test used is the Chi-Square test and Ordinal Logistic Regression test. The results showed that the majority (56%) of patients had poor nutritional intake, had moderate physical activity (65%) and had good nutritional status (76.2%). There is a relationship between nutritional intake, physical activity and the incidence of side effects, where physical activity and good nutritional status result in side effects of mild anti-tuberculosis drugs in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and nutritional intake which is more or less at risk of 3,996 times experiencing side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs is compared with nutritional status and physical activity. It is recommended that patients increase their nutritional intake and improve a healthy diet.

Keyword : nutritional intake, physical activity, nutritional status, pulmonary tuberculosis.